英文解釈

There is thus a real sense in which taking the present moment as the deictic centre establishes the most basic tenses cross-linguistically, those in terms of which it is often easier to understand deviations from absolute tense.

However, it should always be borne in mind that this material is presented not solely as being of interest in its own right or to specialists in that particular language; rather, the language-specific material is designed to illustrate the range of variation found cross-linguistically and to suggest the limitations which a general theory of tense must place on such possibilities for variation.

Present reported is often used like a quotative marker,

An extract from a story about how Raimundo Brito went looking for worms and got bitten by a rat illustrates the opposition between visual and nonvisual.

The innovations are not as yet established in the language and can be considered instances of on-going change.

The Tariana grammar as used by older and more traditional speakers differs in a number of quite dramatic ways from the structures found with younger and more innovative speakers.

Comparison of Tariana with closely related North Arawak languages (Baniwa/Kurripako and Piapoco) helps to distinguish patterns inherited from the protolanguage from those acquired through areal diffusion.

Tariana distinguishes simple predicates, serial verb constructions, and complex predicates.

Evidentiality systems are divided into two broad types: (I) those which state the existence of a source for the evidence without specifying it; and (II) those which specify the kind of evidence – be it visually obtained, based on inference, or reported information.

In this introductory chapter, I outline the typological parameters for evidentiality, in terms of which the papers in this volume are cast.

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